Complete History of the Great Prophet Muhammad SAW

Complete History of the Great Prophet Muhammad SAW

Of course. The following is the complete history of the Great Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, arranged chronologically and comprehensively. 

A. BIRTH and BACKGROUND (JAHILIYAH SOCIETY)

• Name: Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Abdul Muttalib. 
• Lineage: From the Quraish tribe, descendants of the Prophet Ismail AS. 
• Birth: 12 Rabiul Awal, Year of the Elephant (corresponding to 570 or 571 AD) in Mecca. 
• Important Events at Birth:
• Year of the Elephant: Abraha's attempt to destroy the Kaaba with an army of elephants failed. 
• Father: Abdullah wafah before he was born. 
• Mother: Aminah bint Wahhab. 
• Childhood:
• Tradition of Nurturing in the Interior: Raised by Halimah bint Abi Dzuaib from Bani Sa'd to grow up in healthy air and speak fluent Arabic. 
• Orphan: Aminah's mother died when she was 6 years old in Abwa'. He was then raised by his grandfather, Abdul Muttalib. 
• Under Abu Talib's care: After his grandfather died, he was raised by his uncle, Abu Talib, who became his main protector. 
• Jahiliyah Society of Mecca:
• Politics: Powerful tribes with strong tribal loyalties. 
• Religion: Polytheism, idol worship (Hubal, Latta, Uzza, Manat), animist beliefs. 
• Social: Slavery, burial of baby girls alive, exploitation of the weak, clashes between tribes. 
• Economy: Center for trade and religious pilgrimages. 

B. ADOLESCENCE & ADULTHOOD BEFORE PROPHETICITY

• Occupation: Herding goats and engaging in trade. 
• Commendable Reputation: Known by the title Al-Amin (the trustworthy) for his honesty, integrity and wisdom. 
• Trading to Syria: Working for Khadijah bint Khuwailid, a rich and respected female merchant. 
• Marriage: Khadija, impressed by his character, offered him marriage. At that time the Prophet ﷺ was 25 years old and Khadijah 40 years old. This marriage was very happy and was blessed with 7 children (4 daughters: Zainab, Ruqayyah, Umm Kulthum, Fatimah; and 3 sons: Qasim, Abdullah, Ibrahim who all died young). 
• Important Event: Repair of the Black Stone (605 AD). When the tribes fought over the honor of placing the stone, Muhammad ﷺ intervened with the brilliant solution of having all the tribal leaders hold the corners of the cloth and together lift it. 

C. THE BEGINNING OF PROPHETY AND DAKWAH IN MAKKAH (610-622 AD)

• Period of Spiritual Search: Often contemplating in Hira Cave. 
• First Revelation (610 AD): The angel Gabriel came with the first revelation, Surah Al-'Alaq: 1-5, when the Prophet ﷺ was 40 years old. 
• Secret Da'wah (3 Years): Starting from the closest family. The first follower (As-Sabiqun al-Awwalun) was:
• Khadija (wife),
• Ali bin Abi Talib (cousin),
• Zaid bin Haritsah (adopted son),
• Abu Bakar Ash-Siddiq (close friend). 
• Open Da'wah (613 AD): Order to preach openly (QS. Al-Hijr: 94). Starting from the Bani Hasyim family and the general public. 
• Reaction of the Quraysh:
• Scorn & Slander: Calling him a sorcerer, a poet, a madman. 
• Torture: Against weak Muslims (Bilal, Ammar, Yasir's family). 
• Economic & Social Boycott: Against Bani Hashim and Bani Muttalib (617-619 AD). 
• Year of Sorrow (Year of Sorrow - 619 AD): Death of Khadijah (main supporter) and Abu Talib (political protector). Da'wah faces very difficult challenges. 
• Isra' and Mi'raj (621 AD): Spiritual journey from the Grand Mosque to the Aqsa Mosque, then up to Sidratul Muntaha. This event was a comfort and edification. The command to pray 5 times a day came down on this occasion. 
• Bai'at Aqabah: Meeting with delegates from the Aus and Khazraj tribes from Yathrib (Medina). There were two pledges of allegiance (agreement of allegiance):
• First Bai'at Aqabah (621 AD): 12 people from Yathrib converted to Islam. 
• Second Bai'at Aqabah (622 AD): 73 people pledged allegiance and protection to the Prophet ﷺ. 

ON. MADINA PERIOD and FORMATION OF THE STATE (622-632 AD)

· Hijrah (622 AD): A turning point in history. The Prophet ﷺ and Abu Bakr emigrated to Yathrib, which was later named Madinah an-Nabawi (City of the Prophet). This year marks the beginning of the Hijri calendar. 

· Building Community Foundations:

1. Building the Nabawi Mosque: As a center for worship, education and politics. 
2. Brotherhood of the Muhajirin-Ansar: Erasing tribal ties, building brotherhood of faith. 
3. Medina Charter: The first constitution in the world that regulates relations between communities (Muslims, Jews, Arab tribes) in one political unity (Ummah) with the principles of justice and mutual responsibility. 

• Wars and Efforts to Maintain Existence:
• Battle of Badr (624 AD): Strategic victory against the much larger Quraysh army. 
• Battle of Uhud (625 AD): Suffered losses due to the indiscipline of the archers. 
• Khandaq (Ahzab) War (627 AD): Defensive victory with trench strategy. Destruction of the traitorous Bani Quraizhah. 
• Treaty of Hudaibiyah (628 AD): 10 year truce with Quraish. It is politically beneficial for Islamic da'wah and opens the way for the expansion of influence. 
• Expansion of Makkah Da'wah & Fathu:
• Sending Letters to Kings: Expanding da'wah to Heraclius (Byzantium), Kisra (Persia), Muqauqis (Egypt), etc. 
• Fathu Makkah (Conquest of Mecca - 630 AD): Without bloodshed. The Prophet ﷺ cleared the Kaaba of idols and granted a general amnesty ("Go, you are free"). 
• Hunain and Thaif War: Facing the remaining resistance of the Hawazin and Tsaqif tribes. 
• Haji Wada' (Farewell Hajj - 632 AD):

Performing the first and last pilgrimage. Delivering the Wada' Sermon which contains fundamental principles: human equality, the prohibition of usury, women's rights, the importance of unity, and the final message: "I leave you two things, if you stick to them, you will never go astray: the Book of Allah (Al-Qur'an)and the Sunnah of His Messenger."

E. THE DEATH OF THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD ﷺ

• Declining Health: After Hajj Wada', his health declined. 
• Last Sermon: At the Nabawi Mosque, emphasizing the afterlife and justice. 
• Died: On Monday, 12 Rabiul Awal 11 H (8 June 632 AD), at the house of his wife Aisyah RA, aged around 63 years. 
• Buried: At the place where he died, which is now part of the Nabawi Mosque complex in Medina. 

F. LEGACY and INFLUENCE

1. Al-Qur'an: God's Revelation, whose authenticity is maintained, is the main guide to life. 
2. Sunnah/Hadith: The words, actions and approval of the Prophet ﷺ which explain the Qur'an. 
3. Civilized Community Order: Transforming jahiliyah society into an advanced civilization based on monotheism, justice, knowledge and noble morals. 
4. Noble Morals (Usawah Hasanah): Exemplary in all aspects: honesty, compassion, courage, patience and justice. 
5. Unity of the Ummah: Uniting various tribes and nations under the sentence of monotheism. 

Important Note: The history of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is a very rich and complex history. In-depth study requires reference to authentic primary sources (Sirah Ibn Ishaq, Sirah Ibn Hisyam, Sahih Hadith Books) as well as the works of contemporary sirah scholars. This article is a summary of the outline of his life journey ﷺ. 

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